GEOG 482 Syllabus (Expired 2017)

This syllabus is divided into several sections. You can read it sequentially by scrolling down the length of the document or by clicking on any of the links below to "jump" to a specific section.

• Instructors
• Course Overview
• Course Objectives
• Required Course Materials
• Assignments
• Course Schedule
• Course Policies

Instructors

Ryan Baxter
Adrienne Goldsberry
Beth King
Jim Sloan

John A. Dutton e-Education Institute
2217 Earth and Engineering Sciences
College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Penn State
University Park, PA 16802

• Email: Please use the Canvas Inbox to send messages to the instructor
• Office Hours: By appointment

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Course Overview

GEOG 482: THE NATURE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION. Orientation to the properties of geographic data and the practice of distance learning. Prerequisites: None.

This course explores the nature of geographic information. To study the nature of something is to investigate its essential characteristics and qualities. To understand the nature of the energy produced in a coal-fired power plant, you would need to study the properties, morphology, and geographic distribution of coal. By the same reasoning, I believe that a good approach to understanding the information produced by GIS is to investigate the properties of geographic data and the technologies, professions, and institutions that produce it.

GEOG 482 is the required first course in Penn State's Postbaccalaureate Certificate Program in GIS and Master of GIS (MGIS) degree programs, both of which are offered through the University's World Campus. These programs are designed specifically for adult learners who may have firsthand experience with GIS, but who lack formal education in geography or geographic information science. We believe that knowledge of the fundamental properties of geographic data is a necessary precursor to wise and skillful use of GIS software. The goal of this first course, Geography 482: Nature of Geographic Information, is to help you develop that knowledge.

Like other courses in our online programs, GEOG 482 is a "paced" course. "Paced" means that the course has a start date, an end date, and a weekly schedule of activities and assignments. However, students are free to study at times most convenient to them; you never have to log in at a particular time or place. The course lasts ten weeks, plus an additional week for orientation prior to the official start date of the course. Assignment due dates are posted in a course calendar which students access in the University's online course management system, Canvas. See the "Assignments" section of this syllabus for more information.

Along with the course calendar, registered students will find online quizzes, a gradebook, communications tools, and other useful features in Canvas. For more information about the course environment, see the "Course Management System" section of the course Orientation.

Although the class never meets face to face, you will find that there are plenty of opportunities to interact with instructors and fellow students in Canvas. One of the most interesting aspects of the class is that students tend to have a lot of professional experience to share. See the "Communication" section of the course Orientation to review all the ways in which you can get, and stay, in touch. Whether you have a question or a comment, you can expect to receive a reply from instructors or fellow students within 24 hours -- often sooner.

What is expected of you?

Most students report that they devote eight to twelve hours per week working on course activities and assignments. Your workload may be more or less, depending on your prior experience with computing and the web in general, and with GIS in particular.

My colleagues and I have worked hard to make this the most effective and convenient educational experience possible. Online learning may be a novel learning experience to you, but in one sense it is no different than a traditional college class: how much and how well you learn is ultimately up to you. You will succeed if you are diligent about keeping up with the class schedule, and if you take advantage of opportunities to communicate with instructors and fellow students.

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Course Objectives

The overall goals of GEOG 482 are to:

1. promote understanding of the geographic information science and technology (GIS&T) enterprise;
2. promote geographic information literacy - the ability to identify the kind(s) of geographic information needed for a particular task; to determine whether needed data are available; to acquire and assess the quality of the data if available, or specify the technologies and professions needed to produce new data if necessary; and
3. promote effective distance education by providing high quality open courseware and detailed individual critiques in response to every student project assignment.

The particular objectives of each chapter of the course text are outlined in the printable schedule below.

The objectives of the three project assignments are as follows.

Project 1: Plotting Coordinates and Map Projections

1. Specify locations using geographic, UTM, and State Plane coordinates.
2. Utilize geographic coordinates in both degrees-minutes-seconds and decimal degrees formats.
3. Produce a map projection using specialized mapping software.
4. Produce metadata describing map projection characteristics.
5. Submit an illustrated project report that demonstrates the ability to apply geospatial concepts discussed in Chapter 2.

Project 2: Mapping Census Data

1. Use an online mapping system to create thematic maps and legends.
2. Interpret geographic patterns revealed in choropleth maps.
3. Compare the effects on apparent patterns caused by different data classification schemes.
4. Calculate map scale as a representative fraction.
5. Submit an illustrated project report that demonstrates the ability to apply geospatial concepts discussed in Chapters 3 and 4.

Project 3: Acquiring Geographic Data

1. Find, interpret, and report technical information that describes a particular data product, service, or mapping technology.
2. Determine the availability of a data product or service for your area of interest.
3. Describe how particular data products can be acquired via the World Wide Web, and show evidence that you can figure out how to acquire them.
4. Submit an illustrated report that demonstrates the ability to compose original English text at a college level.

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Required Course Materials

To participate in GEOG 482, you need access to the Internet, access to the course text, and access to Penn State's course management system, Canvas. The course text is open to anyone with Internet access. Access to Canvas (and to course instructors) requires a Penn State computing account, which registered students acquire by paying an annual technology fee. Students are asked to download and use a free software application called "Global Mapper" to open and view sample digital data. No additional materials or proprietary software or data are required for GEOG 482.

For more information about how to register for GEOG 482, see our Start Today page.

Using the Library

Just like on-campus students, as a Penn State student you have a wealth of library resources available to you!

As a user of Penn State Libraries, you can...

• search for journal articles (many are even immediately available in full-text)
• request articles that aren't available in full-text and have them delivered electronically
• borrow books and other materials and have them delivered to your doorstep
• access materials that your instructor has put on Electronic Reserve
• talk to reference librarians in real time using chat, phone, and e-mail
• ...and much more!

To learn more about their services, see the Library Information for Off-site Users.

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Assignments and Grading

Assignments

Registered students earn academic credit at Penn State by completing the following assignments. Assignment instructions are published at the corresponding module in Canvas.

8 Weekly Quizzes, accounting for 25% of your grade

Students have access to more than 40 online quizzes in Canvas. Quizzes are open-book, multiple choice format, and provide feedback immediately after submission. The purpose of these quizzes is to help you self-assess your understanding of the course text. Many quiz questions also challenge students' ability to think beyond what they have read.

In addition to ungraded practice quizzes, starting with Chapter 2, each chapter includes one cumulative graded quiz. Like the practice quizzes, the graded quizzes are open-book format, but graded quizzes can only be submitted once. You are welcome to open, view, and even print quizzes, and to consult them while reading the text. Students who are diligent about reading the text are likely to perform well on the graded quizzes. Your performance on graded quizzes will account for one quarter of your final course grade. Due dates for graded quizzes appear under the Canvas Calendar.

1 Cumulative Exam, accounting for 25% of your grade

A single, cumulative online exam will appear in Canvas during the final two weeks of class. The exam is identical to the graded quizzes in format and style. Most students will find the exam to be fairly challenging. It consists of 32 multiple choice and matching questions. By passing the final exam, you will have demonstrated that you are sufficiently acquainted with the fundamentals to proceed to Geography 483 in which you will begin to learn how concepts are implemented in GIS software.

3 Class Projects, accounting for 50% of your grade

In conjunction with weekly chapters, registered students are assigned three graded projects. Projects require you to conduct research (primarily via the web), perform tasks, and prepare reports that demonstrate your ability to apply concepts discussed in the course text. Reports are prepared as word processing documents (e.g.., Microsoft Word) and uploaded to instructors via Canvas. Grading assistants provide detailed individual critiques and itemized scores in response to every student report.

Depending on your previous experience and comfort level with computing, you will find projects to be moderately to highly challenging. The key to success is to pace yourself, pay close attention to the grading criteria, and take time to write at a professional level. Three to four weeks are provided to complete each project. Due dates appear under the Canvas Calendar.

We expect your project reports to be original. You may build upon ideas, words, and illustrations produced by others, but you must paraphrase, cite, and reference such sources. Reports that contain unacknowledged contributions by others are considered to be plagiarized. We use the plagiarism detection service Turnitin.com to evaluate the originality of students' work. Detailed guidelines about how to prepare an original report are included in the "Academic Integrity Guide" that appears in the Resources section of the course text.

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Grading

Course grades are awarded on the basis of weighted percentages of assignment points earned. You can earn up to 730 assignment points through graded quizzes, up to 290 points through a final exam, and up to 350 points through project assignments. At the conclusion of the course your instructor calculates the percentages of possible points you earned in each of the three categories of assignments. Percentages associated with quizzes and the exam each account for one quarter of your total course score. The percentage of points you earned on projects accounts for half.

Finally, letter grades are awarded on the following basis:

Percentages refer to the proportion of all possible points earned by the student. Note: Students need to earn at least a "C" grade in all four courses to be eligible for the Postbaccalaureate Certificate. Only credits associated with a grade of "B-" or higher may be counted toward the MGIS degree.

"Above and Beyond" Points

At Penn State the course grade "A" (which corresponds to at least 90 percent of possible points in this course) denotes "exceptional achievement." In this course, project reports that fulfill minimum requirements earn a score of 90 out of 100 points. Up to 10 additional points are awarded for report elements that exceed minimum requirements.

Assignment Due Dates

The Certificate Program in GIS and the MGIS degree program were designed specifically for adult professionals who need to study part-time while they work full-time. We expect that students will occasionally encounter scheduling conflicts (Instructors do, too!). When conflicts arise, students should notify instructors prior to deadlines to request extensions. Reasonable requests are granted without penalty.

Due dates can be found in the Course Calendar, and the late policy for project assignments is part of each project rubric.

GEOG 482 Course Schedule

Printable Schedule

Orientation

Date	Week 0
Objectives	Get a head start
Readings	Read me first
Assignments

Chapter 1: Data and Information

Date	Week 1
Objectives	Define a geographic information system. Recognize and name basic database operations from verbal descriptions. Recognize and name basic geographic data models from verbal descriptions.
Readings	Course Orientation, Chapter 1 in The Nature of Geographic Information
Assignments	Lounge forum post Initial Course Survey Project 0

Chapter 2: Scales and Transformations

Date	Week 2
Objectives	Calculate map scale using representative fractions. Describe the general relationship between map scale and the detail and accuracy of geographic databases. Compare and contrast the characteristics of geographic and plane coordinate systems. Specify positions on the Earth's surface using geographic and plane coordinates. Convert coordinates between different systems and formats. Explain the concept of a horizontal datum. Calculate the change in a coordinate location due to a change from one horizontal datum to another. Recognize the kind of transformation that is appropriate to georegister two or more data sets. Recognize general categories and distortion characteristics of several common map projections.
Readings	Chapter 2 in The Nature of Geographic Information
Assignments	Chapter 2 Graded Quiz

Chapter 2: Scales and Transformations (continued)

Date	Week 3
Objectives	Same as Week 2
Readings	Chapter 2 in The Nature of Geographic Information (continued)
Assignments	Gateway Quiz for Project 1 Project 1: Plotting Coordinates and Projections

Chapter 3: Census Data and Thematic Mapping

Date	Week 4
Objectives	Discriminate between different levels of measurement of attribute data. Use percentile and equal interval classification schemes to divide census attribute data into categories suitable for choropleth mapping. Explain the differences between counts, rates, and densities, and identify the types of map symbols that are most appropriate for representing each. Use metadata and the World Wide Web to assess the content and availability of attribute data produced by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Readings	Chapter 3 in The Nature of Geographic Information
Assignments	Chapter 3 Graded Quiz

Chapter 4: TIGER, Topology and Geocoding

Date	Week 5
Objectives	Describe how address-referenced census data are matched to specific geographic locations. Define topology and describe why it is encoded in TIGER. Describe TIGER/Line Files in terms of data model, features and attributes, and appropriate uses. Describe how TIGER/Line Files and similar products can be used for other applications, including routing and allocation.
Readings	Chapter 4 in The Nature of Geographic Information
Assignments	Chapter 4 Graded Quiz

Chapter 5: Land Surveys and GPS

Date	Week 6
Objectives	Identify and define the key aspects of data quality, including resolution, precision, and accuracy. List and explain the procedures land surveyors use to produce positional data, including traversing, triangulation, and trilateration. Explain how radio signals broadcast by Global Positioning System satellites are used to calculate positions on the surface of the Earth. Identify and describe the factors that limit the quality of GPS positions. Explain how the quality of GPS positioning is improved.
Readings	Chapter 5 in The Nature of Geographic Information
Assignments	Chapter 5 Graded Quiz Project 2: Creating and Interpreting Maps Midterm Course Survey

Chapter 6: National Spatial Data Infrastructure, Part I

Date	Week 7
Objectives	Compare the U.S. geographic information strategy to those of other developed nations. Identify and characterize the elements of the U.S. National Map. Assess the status of the U.S. National Map in terms of the completeness of its elements. Outline and explain the process by which an orthophoto is created.
Readings	Chapter 6 in The Nature of Geographic Information
Assignments	Chapter 6 Graded Quiz

Chapter 7: National Spatial Data Infrastructure, Part II

Date	Week 8
Objectives	Given a regular or irregular array of spot elevations, use systematic methods to draw contour lines. Given an irregular array of terrain elevations, interpolate elevation values for a regular array. Use metadata and the World Wide Web to assess the content and availability of the data products that make up the U.S. National Map.
Readings	Chapter 7 in The Nature of Geographic Information
Assignments	Chapter 7 Graded Quiz Project 3: Acquiring Geographic Data

Chapter 8: Remotely Sensed Image Data

Date	Week 9
Objectives	Compare and contrast characteristics and applications of different types of remotely sensed data, including AVHRR; Landsat MSS, TM, OLI and TIRS; and ERS Radar. Use the World Wide Web to assess the availability, timeliness, and cost of satellite data. Recognize the distinction between supervised and unsupervised means of automated image classification.
Readings	Chapter 8 in The Nature of Geographic Information
Assignments	Chapter 8 Graded Quiz

Chapter 9: Integrating Geographic Data

Date	Week 10
Objectives	List and explain the factors involved in integrating geographic data from a variety of sources. Recognize and name basic GIS operations. Compare and contrast site suitability analyses based on different geographic data models.
Readings	Chapter 9 in The Nature of Geographic Information
Assignments	Chapter 9 Graded Quiz Final Exam Penn State's SEEQ survey

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Course Policies

Withdrawals and Refunds

Students who officially withdraw from the class may be entitled to a pro-rated refund of tuition. For more information, see Refund Policy under World Campus Student Policies.
(http://student.worldcampus.psu.edu/your-courses-how-to-guide/policies/re...)

Use of Trade Names

Where trade names are used no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the World Campus, Outreach and Cooperative Extension, the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, or The Pennsylvania State University is implied.