Acid rain is measured using a pH scale.
pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, which is measured as a negative logarithm. In other words, acids produce hydrogen ions and alkalis produce hydroxyl ions, so pH is the power of a solution to yield hydrogen ions [H+].
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and indicates how acidic or basic a substance is.
The lower a substance's pH, the more acidic it is. Each whole pH value below 7 (the neutral point) is ten times more acidic than the next higher value.
The higher a substance’s pH, the more basic or alkaline it is.