In Module 8, we discussed the challenges that come from applying a detailed analysis of the three pillars of sustainability to large systems, such as the ones utilized by supply chains. One of the key observations is that as systems grow, the number of feedback loops relating different parts of these systems become particularly hard to parse out. This is one of the criticisms raised by Gidding et al. (2002).

Figure 10.1. Two representations of the relationships among the three pillars of sustainability.
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Click to expand for more information
This figure shows two diagrams: a Venn diagram at left and a concentric circles diagram at right. Venn Diagram The Venn diagram has three sets: Environment, Society, and Economy. The Intersection of the Environment and Society sets contains: Bearable and Sustainable. The Intersection of the Society and Economy sets contains: Equitable and Sustainable. The Intersection of the Economy and Environment sets contains: Viable and Sustainable. Therefore, the Intersection of the three sets contains one element: Sustainable. Concentric Circles The concentric circles' diagram has the Economy circle at the center. The Economy circle is entirely surrounded by the Society circle. The Society circle is entirely surrounded by the Environment circle.
- Meta-analytical research: To be useful for policy-makers, original research needs to be assessed and synthesized. Quality of research needs to be assessed.
- Coordinate international research: Areas of global interest need to be identified and funded. If biases in research selection exist at the national/local scales, they need to be addressed. Communication among different disciplines needs to be established.
- Establish a balance between natural and social sciences: Priorities ought to be identified and optimization needs to occur at this level.