EME 805
Renewable Energy and Non-Market Enterprise

9.2 Stakeholder Engagement

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9.2 Stakeholder Engagement

Stakeholder identification is crucial to working towards their engagement within a process. As we saw above, there are multiple ways in which to identify stakeholders, and it is through these identifiers which engagement can begin. An example of this can be seen in the stakeholder identities matrix below. For example, the stakeholders identity will shape how and to what degree they should be engaged in the process.

There are many forms of and forums for stakeholder engagement. The degree of stakeholder engagement depends significantly on:

  • the desired outcomes of the process 
  • the time and resources allocated for the process 
  • the degree of commitment by those driving the process forward
  • the timing of the initial engagement in relation to the project timeline
  • the willingness to listen to stakeholders and put their feedback into practice

Stakeholder Identities Matrix

Traditional Stakeholder Roles compared to social identities
Identity vs Roles Investors Customers Employees Competitors Suppliers Government Media NGOs
Age-based groups, e.g. children, seniors
Racial, national or ethnic based groups
Gender or sexuality based groups
Ability-based groups, e.g. blind, deaf, mental health
Political or issue based groups
Location based groups
Role-based groups, e.g. parents, grandparents, students
Other Social Groups
From: Crane, Andrew, and Trish Ruebottom. 2011. "Stakeholder Theory and Social Identity: Rethinking Stakeholder Identification". Journal of Business Ethics. 102 (Supplement): 77-87.