GEOG 861
The Earth is Round and Maps are Flat: Working with Spatial Reference Systems in GIS

GEOG 861 - The Earth is Round and Maps are Flat: Spatial Reference Systems in GIS

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Quick Facts about GEOG 861

Overview

Map projections are mathematical formulae by which geographical coordinates, representing positions on Earth (i.e., latitude and longitude), are transformed to plane coordinates that locate positions on two-dimensional planes. Map projection formulae are implemented as algorithms in geographic information systems (GIS), image processing, and other kinds of mapping and analysis software. Although many types of map projections are available, only certain types are well suited to any given mapping or analysis task. Geometric and geopotential datums provide models that define control for positions and heights, respectively. There are hundreds of geodetic datums that have been published and many of these are still in use throughout the world. Furthermore, since GIS often involves merging multiple datasets, each of which is likely to be the product of a different projection and geodetic datum, GIS professionals need to be knowledgeable about these advanced topics. 

GEOG 861 is an elective for Penn State's Master of GIS

Learn more about GEOG 861 - The Earth is Round and Maps are Flat: Spatial Reference Systems in GIS (1 min, 18 sec)

Click here for a transcript of the course introduction video.

FRITZ KESSLER: Hello, I'm Fritz Kessler, one of the faculty  I'm here to talk about a course I designed titled The Earth is Round and Maps Are Flat-- Spatial Reference Systems In GIS. In this class, you'll develop a working knowledge of datums, map projections, and grid systems. Datums, such as NAD83, define Earth's size and shape and are important to establishing horizontal and vertical control. Map projections, such as the MOVA, transform Earth's spherical surface to a map. Grid systems, such as the UTM, allow locations on Earth's surface to be described in a Cartesian coordinate system.

In short, this class will give you a foundation to understand the differences between the many datums that exist and learn the appropriate transformation to use when changing from one datum to another. Familiarize yourself with different map projections and how to define the parameters, examine a map projection, explain this distortion pattern, and understand how that distortion pattern impacts the use of the map for a given purpose. Work with grid systems, how they're set up, and their limitations. If you work with geospatial data in a digital environment and don't know the difference between Pulkovo 42 from iso-anamorphism, then you need to sign up for this class.

Credit: © Penn State is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Want to join us? Students who register for this Penn State course gain access to assignments and instructor feedback and earn academic credit. For more information, visit Penn State's Online Geospatial Education Program website. Official course descriptions and curricular details can be reviewed in the University Bulletin.