EBF 301
Global Finance for the Earth, Energy, and Materials Industries

Syllabus - Tom Seng Version

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EBF 301 - Global Finance for the Earth, Energy, and Materials Industries

This syllabus is divided into several sections. You can read it sequentially by scrolling the length of the document or by clicking on any of the links below to “jump” to specific sections. It is essential that you read the entire document as well as material covered in the course Orientation. Together these serve as our course "contract."


Instructor

Tom Seng
College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University.

  • E-mail: Please use the course e-mail system (see the Communicate tab in ANGEL).
  • Office Hours: I live in Tulsa, Oklahoma which is in the United States Central time zone (CST). I am one hour behind the Eastern time zone (EST) for those of you on the East Coast. I will try to check for and reply to messages at least once a day. Please contact me to make an appointment if you’d like to speak to me at a given time. I am flexible and will make every effort to accommodate your schedule.

 

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Course Overview

Description: The aim of this course is to introduce fundamental concepts of physical and financial energy commodity trading.

The course will cover the physical and financial aspects of the following energy commodities – crude, natural gas, natural gas liquids, gasoline, and power. The physical “path” of each commodity from the point of production to the point of use will be explained, as well as, the “value chain” that exists for each. Commodity market pricing, both cash and financial, will be presented, encompassing industry “postings” for cash, commodity exchanges, and “over-the-counter” markets. The use of financial derivatives to reduce market price risk (“hedging”) will be presented, and “real world” examples will be utilized. Students will “trade” mock energy contract portfolios using a trading simulator (factsim.org)while learning about “mark-to-market” and risk controls.  Financial contracts for crude oil and natural gas will be used with students justifying their "buy/sell' trades using both fundamental and technical analysisy. Other energy sources such as coal, nuclear, and alternative energy will not be covered in any great detail.

The course will largely be comprised of online narrative, audio lectures, and required readings. Students will use standard pricing and hedging models to work “real world” problems from both producer and consumer perspectives. Online forums will be available for student discussion with Instructor feedback and contribution.  There will also be several case studies presented involving disastrous trading results where a lack of risk controls were present.

When you successfully complete this course, you will be prepared to:

  1. Understand the nature of energy commodity logistics, i.e., the ways in which energy production is delivered to the ultimate consumer.
  2. Establish costs and revenues associated with the movement of energy commodities from point of production to point of consumption, (the so-called economic “value chain”).
  3. Describe market pricing both “cash” and financial, including how prices are established. Identify key industry pricing publications, financial exchanges, and “over-the-counter” markets.
  4. Define energy financial derivatives, including futures, forwards, swaps, spreads and options. Illustrate how they are traded and their use for “hedging” market price risk and which industry segments utilize them.
  5. List the “do’s and don’ts” of energy commodity trading, i.e., risk controls and trading limits.

EBF 301 will be conducted entirely on the World Wide Web. There will be no set class meeting times, but you will be required to complete weekly assignments. The content of this course is divided into 14 lessons. Each lesson will be completed in approximately 1 week (subject to change). All assignments will be due Sunday, 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the week assigned.

What I Expect of You

On average, most students spend seven to nine hours per week working on course assignments. Your workload may be more or less depending on your study habits.

I have worked hard to make this the most effective and convenient educational experience possible. The Internet may still be a novel learning environment for you, but in one sense it is no different from a traditional college class: how much and how well you learn is ultimately up to you. You will succeed if you are diligent about keeping up with the class schedule and if you take advantage of opportunities to communicate with me and with your fellow students.

Specific learning objectives for each lesson and project are detailed within each lesson. The class schedule is published below.

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Required Course Materials

  1. Fundamentals of Trading Energy Futures & Options, 2nd Edition, Steven Errera and Stewart L. Brown. Pennwell, 2002. ISBN 0-8714-836-1. (Core text on trading.) You may purchase the text through your favorite local or online bookseller.
  2. FACTSim.org Commodity Trading Simulation: University of Florida energy commodity simulation. Students will have to go to "www.factsim.org" to register. Cost is $50 (Note: Access is active for six months from the time of purchase.) Instructions for registration and use will be posted in ANGEL.
     

All additional materials needed for this course are presented online through this course website and in ANGEL. In order to access all materials, you need to have an active Penn State Access Account user ID and password (used to access the on-line course resources). If you have any questions about obtaining or activating your Penn State Access Account, please contact the Outreach Helpdesk (if you are a World Campus student) or the Penn State HelpDesk if you are a resident student.

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Assignments and Grading

EBF 301 will rely upon a variety of methods to assess and evaluate student learning, including:

  • Quizzes allow you to practice your mastery of the terms and concepts in the lessons.
  • Lesson Activities & Reflection/Discussion
  • Trading & Reflection/Discussion
  • Mid-term Exam and Final Exam evaluate your ability to synthesize and apply terms and concepts from throughout the course.
Assignment percentages for overall course grade
Assignment Percent of Grade
Quizzes 15%
Lesson Activities 10%
Midterm Exam 25%
Final Exam 25%
Fundamental Factors & Trading 25%

It is important that your work be submitted in the proper format to the appropriate place by the designated due date. Many of these activities require some interpretation and independent thinking on your part. As you are working on assignments, you are encouraged to share ideas and questions you may have in the "Questions?" Discussion Forum located in ANGEL. I will read daily and reply as needed.

Assignments are due by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on Sunday evenings.

You will earn a grade that reflects the extent to which you achieve the course learning objectives listed above. Grades are assigned by the percentage of possible points earned in each lesson's activities.

Make-Up Exams

Make-up exams will not be offered except in the case of University-excused absences.

Grades

I will use the ANGEL gradebook to keep track of your grades.  You can see your grades in the gradebook, too, by clicking the Reports tab in ANGEL, then choosing "Grades" from the "Category" dropdown menu, then clicking "Run." Overall course grades will be determined as follows. Percentages refer to the proportion of all possible points earned.

Letter Grade and Corresponding Percentages
Letter Grade Percentages
A 93 - 100 %
A- 90 - 92.9 %
B+ 87 - 89.9 %
B 83 - 86.9 %
B- 80 - 82.9%
C+ 77 - 79.9 %
C 70 - 76.9 %
D 60 - 69.9 %
F < 60 %
X Unsatisfactory (student did not participate)

 

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Course Schedule

Below you will find a summary of the primary learning activities for this course and the associated time frames. All assignments will be due Sunday, 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the week assigned.

Course Schedule

Lesson

Start Date

Objectives/Assignments

Course Orientation Aug. 24

Objectives

  • The structure of EBF 301
  • An overview of ANGEL, Penn State's course management system
  • Technical requirements for EBF 301
  • How to succeed in this course
  • Where to get course assistance if you need it

Assignments

  • Perform tasks outlined in course orientation to become familiar with the course and the course environment
  • Take the Course Information Quiz and pass with a score of 80% in order to gain access to future quizzes, etc.
Lesson 1:
The Energy Industry – Overall Perspective
Aug. 31

Objectives

  • Describe the major sources of energy in the US
  • Understand the macro energy production/consumption environment
  • Understand what is meant by “renewable” vs. “non-renewable” energy
  • Be familiar with the top 5 renewable energy sources
  • List the main fossil fuels
  • Critically assess the pros and cons for each type of fossil fuel

Assignments

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material
Lesson 2:
Supply/Demand Fundamentals for Natural Gas & Crude Oil
Sept. 7

Objectives

  • Recognize the various factors impacting supply & demand for natural gas & crude oil
  • Research major supply/demand influences
    • Global economy
    • Domestic economy
    • Weather
    • Currencies
    • Energy commodity relationships
    • Inventory and storage reports
  • Assess the potential impact on market pricing for each factor researched

 Assignments

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material
Lesson 3:

The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) & Energy Contracts

Sept. 14

Objectives

  • Understand the history and development of the Exchange
  • Know the commodities traded
  • Identify the components of a standard NYMEX contract
  • Know the difference between “pit” and electronic trading
  • Recognize various exchange “floor” personnel and players
  • Understand the specific contract provisions for:
    • Natural Gas
    • Crude Oil
    • Heating Oil
    • Unleaded Gasoline
  • Understand the importance of the “price discovery” function provided by the Exchange for energy commodities

Assignments
 

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material
Lesson 4:
NYMEX Order Execution & Electronic Trading
Sept. 21

Objectives

  • Understand the order flow from the physical customer through the Exchange
  • Recognize that very few contracts ever actually get delivered physically
  • Understand the concept of the “zero-sum” game in financial contracts
  • Know some primary terminology tied to financial commodity trading
  • Gain a cursory knowledge of the concept of technical analysis

Assignments

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material
Lesson 5:
Energy Commodity Logistics - Crude Oil
Sept. 28

Objectives

  • Define the steps in the movement of crude oil from the wellhead to the end-user (“pump-to-pump” path)
  • Recognize the “value chain” along the path
  • Understand the general methods of transporting crude oil from well to refinery
    • Trucks
    • Pipeline
    • Rail
    • Barge
    • Tanker

 Assignments

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material

Lesson 6:
Energy Commodity Logistics - Crude Oil

Oct. 5

Objectives

  • Define the steps in the movement of crude oil from the wellhead to the end-user (“pump-to-pump” path)
  • Recognize the “value chain” along the path
  • Understand the general methods of transporting crude oil from well to refinery
    • Trucks
    • Pipeline
    • Rail
    • Barge
    • Tanker

 Assignments

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material

Mid-Term Exam Opens

Oct. 12

Assignments

  • Review for Mid-Term Exam, direct any final questions to instructor
  • Instructor will notify you via email announcement regarding the completion of the Mid-Term Exam

Lesson 7:

Transmission Pipeline Rules, Regulations & Rates

MID-TERM

CLOSES

Oct 19

Oct. 19

Objectives

  • Understand the regulatory environment for the delivery of natural gas and crude oil including the respective governing bodies
    • Utility status & franchises
    • Evolution of the “spot” market
    • “non-discriminatory access”
    • “eminent domain”
    • Key regulations
  • Understand the regulatory requirements for posting “public” information
  • Visit a pipeline company website and research the tariff
  • Recognize the various services provided by pipeline companies and key “tariff” provisions: firm transportation and storage, “park & loan”, etc.
  • Calculate transport costs to deliver natural gas or crude to market
    • Demand/reservation Fees
    • Commodity Fees
    • Fuel retention
  • Be familiar with the pipeline “scheduling” process
    • Deadlines
    • Web-based nomination systems

Assignments

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material
Lesson 8:
Pricing Methodologies

 

 

Oct. 26

Objectives

  • Gain a sense of historical natural gas “cash” market pricing
  • Understand the methodology for cash price determination
  • Become familiar with key industry pricing publications and their uses
    • Inside FERC
    • Gas Daily
    • OPIS Price Reports
  • Review historical price trends
  • Discover online price data resources

Assignments

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material
Lesson 9:
Basic Energy Risk “Hedging” using Financial Derivatives
Nov. 2

Objectives

  • Understand how price risk reduction can occur through the use of basic financial derivatives
    • NYMEX contracts
    • “Basis Swaps”
  • Understand how commodity risk can be reduced
  • Demonstrate a simple “hedge” structure for:
    • Energy commodity Producers
    • Energy commodity Consumers
    • Storage

Assignments

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material
Lesson 10:
Advanced Financial Derivatives - Swaps, Spreads, and Options
Nov. 9

Objectives

  • Understand the following financial derivatives and their uses:
    • Swaps
    • Spreads
  • Apply advanced financial derivatives to energy commodity hedging
  • Understand energy Options, types and uses
    • Call Options
    • Put Options
    • Hedging with Options
  • List the components of an Options contract
  • Be familiar with the Black-Scholes Model for Options valuation
  • Know the inputs to run the B-M model spreadsheet

Assignments

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material

Lesson 11:
Technical Analysis

Nov. 16

Objectives

  • Distinguish the difference between Technical and Fundamental market analysis
  • Identify different types of technical charts and their uses
  • Recognize Trendlines and market signals
  • Analyze “momentum” indicators

Assignments

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material

Lesson 12: Risk Controls in Energy Commodity Trading

 

FINAL EXAM

OPENS 

Dec. 7

Nov. 30

Objectives

  • Be familiar with famous case studies prompting risk control measures
  • Understand how and why risk controls were implemented in the energy industry
  • Define risk control responsibilities and key risk measures
  • Explore regulatory changes governing financial derivative trading
    • Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“SOX”)
    • Dodd-Frank Act

Assignments

  • Read Lesson and complete all assigned material

Final Exam

CLOSES

11:59pm on Dec. 15

Assignments

  • Review for Final Exam, direct any final questions to instructor
  • Instructor will notify you via email announcement regarding the completion of the Final Exam

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  • Penn State E-mail Accounts
    All official communications from the Penn State World Campus are sent to students' Penn State e-mail accounts. Be sure to check your Penn State account regularly, or forward your Penn State e-mail to your preferred e-mail account, so you don't miss any important information.
  • Deferred Grades
    If you are prevented from completing this course within the prescribed amount of time, it is possible to have the grade deferred with the concurrence of the instructor. To seek a deferred grade, you must submit a written request (by e-mail or U.S. post) to your instructor describing the reason(s) for the request. It is up to your instructor to determine whether or not you will be permitted to receive a deferred grade. If, for any reason, the course work for the deferred grade is not complete by the assigned time, a grade of "F" will be automatically entered on your transcript.
  • Late Policy
    I do not expect any "late work." In exceptional circumstances, you should contact me. The earlier you contact me to request a late submission, the better. Requests will be considered on a case by case basis. Generally, late assignments will receive a grade of -0-. All assignments will be due Sunday, 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the week assigned.Consider each Lesson to be one week of the semester unless otherwise notified to the contrary. Course lessons are available to you in advance. It is your responsibility to plan ahead and work ahead if necessary to accommodate your personal schedule. This flexibility is one of the great features of online learning. Take advantage of it!
  • Academic Integrity
    This course follows the guidelines for academic integrity of Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences. Penn State defines academic integrity as "the pursuit of scholarly project in an open, honest and responsible manner." Academic integrity includes "a commitment not to engage in or tolerate acts of falsification, misrepresentation, or deception." In particular, the University defines plagiarism as "the fabrication of information and citations; submitting other's work from professional journals, books, articles, and papers; submission of other student's papers, lab results or project reports and representing the work as one's own." Penalties for violations of academic integrity may include course failure. To learn more, see Penn State's "Plagiarism Tutorial for Students." I cannot overemphasize the importance of academic integrity. DO NOT copy and paste from unreferenced sources. Without exception: if you use a direct quote from any source, as part of any submitted assignment, the quote must be clearly noted and properly referenced. (In-line references are fine.)
  • Citation and Reference Style
     Academic Integrity and Citation Style Guide
  • Accommodating Disabilities
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    In order to receive consideration for reasonable accommodations, you must contact the appropriate disability services office at the campus where you are officially enrolled, participate in an intake interview, and provide documentation. If the documentation supports your request for reasonable accommodations, your campus’s disability services office will provide you with an accommodation letter. Please share this letter with your instructors and discuss the accommodations with them as early in your courses as possible. You must follow this process for every semester that you request accommodations.
  • Military Personnel
    Veterans and currently serving military personnel and/or spouses with unique circumstances (e.g., upcoming deployments, drill/duty requirements, disabilities, VA appointments, etc.) are welcome and encouraged to communicate these, in advance if possible, to the instructor in the case that special arrangements need to be made.
  • Inclement Weather
    In case of weather-related delays at the University, this online course will proceed as planned. Your instructor will inform you if there are any extenuating circumstances regarding content or activity due dates in the course due to weather delays. If you are affected by a weather-related emergency, please contact your instructor at the earliest possible time to make special arrangements.
  • Netiquette
    The term "Netiquette" refers to the etiquette guidelines for electronic communications, such as e-mail and bulletin board postings. Netiquette covers not only rules to maintain civility in discussions, but also special guidelines unique to the electronic nature of forum messages. Please review Virginia Shea's "The Core Rules of Netiquette" for general guidelines that should be followed when communicating in this course.
  • Connect Online with Caution
    Penn State is committed to educational access for all. Our students come from all walks of life and have diverse life experiences. As with any other online community, the lack of physical interaction in an online classroom can create a false sense of anonymity and security. While one can make new friends online, digital relationships can also be misleading. Good judgment and decision making are critical when choosing to disclose personal information with others whom you do not know.

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Technical Requirements

For this course, we recommend the minimum technical requirements outlined on the Dutton Institute Technical Requirements page, including the requirements listed for same-time, synchronous communications. If you need technical assistance at any point during the course, please contact the Outreach Helpdesk (for World Campus students) or the Penn State HelpDesk (for students at all other campus locations).

NOTE: Access to a reliable Internet connection is required for this course. A problem with your Internet access may not be used as an excuse for late, missing, or incomplete coursework. If you experience problems with your Internet connection while working on this course, it is your responsibility to find an alternative Internet access point, such as a public library or Wi-Fi ® hotspot.

 


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