H5P Testing

This book will be used to test H5P elements for configuration and usability.

Accordion

Testing Accordion Type

Before we can really move forward and explore energy policy in depth, we need to take a look at the types of policy out there that can be employed to achieve energy goals. As you read through this part of the lesson, be thinking about how different policy instruments are either more or less appropriate for different energy-related issues.

First, let's look broadly at the difference between legislation and regulation:

Legislation is a law that has been enacted by some type of governing body (Congress, the President, or some other governing body); before it was passed into law, it was likely referred to as a bill.

Example of Legislation: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Think of regulations as the way legislation is actually enacted on the ground. This can take on many forms, as you'll see below. Regulations are the details of implementation for achieving the desired effects of legislation.

Examples of Regulation: Click on the arrows below to see the various provisions in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 related to energy.

Policy Mechanisms and Examples

What are some of the types of regulations we might see enacted in energy legislation?

Taxation
Standards
Incentives and grants

Board Game

Test board game here

Obviously this type requires a different type of creation time and effort. Some ideas for a game might include quizzing on rock types/identification, or other gamified elements to a course.

Chart

Scarcity and the influence of subsidies

If you'd like a quick refresher of market equilibrium, check out t his great 10 minute video .

It would be a natural response of consumers in a free market to respond to increasing prices by changing their behavior to consume less of the resource or product. If the price of gasoline reaches $3.50/gallon, people will tend to drive less than if gasoline were $1.00/gallon. If the price of electricity increased 500% overnight, people would take a much harder look at LED lighting, improvements to the energy efficiency of their homes, or perhaps invest in down jackets. Regardless of the mitigating behavior, in time, the market would find equilibrium between supply, demand, and price. But, that market balance can be upset in a significant way by subsidies. If there is an "invisible hand" which finds balance and equilibrium of market forces, we can think of subsidies as an "invisible finger" pushing down on one side of the scale. In essence, subsidies distort the balance of markets. If a government subsidizes the price of gasoline, it weakens the price signals which balance supply, demand, and price. This can lead to severe overconsumption of resources.

For decades, governments from Egypt to Indonesia have subsidised the price of basic fuels. Such programmes often start with noble intentions—to keep down the cost of living for the poor or, in the case of oil-producing countries, to provide a visible example of the benefits of carbon wealth—but they have disastrous consequences, wrecking budgets, distorting economies, harming the environment and, on balance, hurting rather than helping the poor.

Emerging markets are not the only places that distort energy markets. America, for instance, suppresses prices by restricting exports. But subsidies are more significant in poorer countries. Of the $500 billion a year the IMF reckons they cost—the equivalent of four times all official foreign aid—half is spent by governments in the Middle East and north Africa, where, on average, it is worth about 20% of government revenues. The proceeds flow overwhelmingly to the car-driving urban elite. In the typical emerging economy the richest fifth of households hoover up 40% of the benefits of fuel subsidies; the poorest fifth get only 7%. But the poorest suffer disproportionately from the distortions that such intervention creates. Egypt spends seven times more on fuel subsidies than on health. Cheap fuel encourages the development of heavy industry rather than the job-rich light manufacturing that offers far more people a route out of poverty.

The Economist (2014, Jun 14). Scrap them. Retrieved Feb 3, 2014.

Below is a Congressional Budget Office view of United States energy subsidies over the past decades. Consider the influence these subsidies may have had in increasing–or decreasing–innovation and natural market balance. In the next lesson, we will explore the relationships between subsidies, greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon taxes.

Congressional Budget Office. How Much Does the Federal Government Support the Development and Production of Fuels and Energy Technologies?

Hydropower

Here is a pie chart test. Drawbacks include only whole numbers and display is inside chart.

Collage

Create a collage of multiple images

Dutton Example

I'm unsure of how/whether to get alt tags on this integration.

H5P Example

Course Presentation

Create a presentation with interactive slides

Dutton Example

H5P Example

Dialog Cards

Create text-based turning cards

Dutton Example

Dutton Example

Coming Soon

H5P Example

Guess the Answer

Create an image with question and answer button

Dutton Example

Coming Soon

H5P Example

Image Fade

Questionnaire

Below is an example of the H5P Questionnaire content type. It uses 3 questions. The first and third questions are open ended and the second question is multiple choice. You can see the original Self Check in EME810 at https://www.e-education.psu.edu/eme810/node/474 for comparison.

Self Check

Slideshow

Please test the flexslider on an external website.

Create a sequence of various question types

Dutton Example